Endodontic treatments¶

Pulp capping
Pulpotomy
Root canal/endodontic therapy
Endodontic Orthograde Retreatment
Replantation
Regeneration
Apexification
Apicoectomy/Periradicular Services/retrograde retreatment
periapical currettage

Pulp Capping¶

Pulp just exposed

Direct pulp capping is defined as the “treatment of an exposed vital pulp by sealing the pulpal wound with a dental material placed directly on a mechanical or traumatic exposure to facilitate the formation of “reparative dentin” and maintenance of the vital pulp.”

Indirect pulp capping is defined as “a procedure in which a material is placed on a thin partition of remaining carious dentin that, if removed, might expose the pulp in immature permanent teeth.”

Direct pulp capping involves applying dental material directly to the exposed pulp, while indirect pulp capping involves applying dental material near the pulp but not directly onto it. Both procedures aim to preserve the vitality of the pulp and promote healing.

Partial Pulpotomy¶

Partial pulpotomy is described as “the removal of a small portion of the vital coronal pulp as a means of preserving the remaining coronal and radicular pulp tissues.”Healthy coronal pulp tissue is, therefore, exposed after removing inflamed or necrotic tissue.

Both direct pulp capping and partial pulpotomy are considered comparable procedures and differ only in the extent and volume of vital tissue remaining after treatment

Pulpotomy¶

Pulpotomy is a more invasive procedure defined as “the removal of the coronal portion of a vital pulp as a means of preserving the vitality of the remaining radicular portion

Root canal¶

Root canal is a procedure defined as "the removal of non-vital pulp or infected pulp replaced with filling material as means of normal tooth function.

Apexification¶

Management of Teeth with Immature Apices

Apicoectomy¶

Periapical currtage¶

INDICATIONS FOR VITAL PULP THERAPY Vital pulp therapy is indicated whenever the remaining pulp exhibits reversible pulpitis. It can be induced to generate a reparative hard tissue barrier that protects the dental pulp from further microbial invasion. In order to potentiate longterm pulpal preservation, direct pulp capping is recommended for teeth with deep caries, mechanical exposures, or traumatic injuries. The initial diagnosis, based on radiographic evaluation, pulp testing, patient history and clinical evaluation, will determine the suitability and probable outcome for direct pulp capping and pulpotomy procedures. The prime objective is to maintain pulp vitality, and therefore, postpone more aggressive endodontic and restorative therapies that may decrease the long-term prognosis. Teeth receiving orthograde root canal therapy (RCT), post and core placement, cuspal or full coverage, will exhibit lower long-term survival rates than teeth with vital pulps.52–57 Moreover, teeth that have undergone RCT and are restored with prosthetic crowns show a higher vulnerability for root fractures, caries, and other plaque-related complications.