2025 06 19T102507

Diseases

  • enamel

  • pulp

  • reversible pulpitis (peripheral pulpitis)

  • irreversible pulpitis(partially necroszing)

    • symptomatic
    • asymptomatic
    • chronic hyperplastic pulpitis
    • internal resorption

  • pulpal necrosis(full necrosis)

Bacteria toxins enter into pdl through apical foramen

  • apical peridontisis
    • primary symptomatic apical peridontisis

Symptoms or problems are condition output i.e observable output of internal state

Condition or state i.e underlying cause is diagnosis Treatment is innervation .signals or modification to alter the state into normal

Dental caries reach the pulp

The pulp get exposed so the peripheral pulp get inflammated,a nerve fibers are situated on peripheral so cause sharp pain when stimuli only.here only peripheral localized region of pulp affected so removing affected region bring back the pulp vital.This is called reversible pulpitis.if we let over,the peripheral inflammation and bacteria toxins continues and go affects the whole pulp this is called irreversible pulpitis.the host pulp may reposond aggressive to peripheral coming bacteria which leads edema, vascular pressure formation which leads to throbbing,lingering pain without or even after stimuli which are intermittent and continuous (clarity needed) dull pain due to c-nerve fibers.when host response is mininmal there is no formation of pressure so there will be no pain but the process continues slowly continuously littly so clinical sign is visible green pulp exposure.when host response is too high it leads to hyperplasia.if bacteria cannot but host itself it is called internal resorption So chronic hyperplastic pulpitis and symptomatic irreversible pulpitis and asymptomatic irreversible pulpitis and internal resorption are partially necroszing so these are irreversible pulpitis .

After irreversible pulpitis the pulp is now totally necrosised this called pulp necrosis.now the bacteria toxins enter to apical pdl through apical foramen. If high reponse i.e the bacteria toxins are suddenly once in high concentration it is symptomatic apical peridontisis.leads to pus formaion called periapical abscess and to cellulitis infection spread to spaces.if the bacteria toxins release slowly the inflammation or response is slow chronic so asymptomatic due to not build up pressure but formation of granuloma which lead to radicular cyst to osteitis.

Phonenix abscess,

Acute flare-up of a chronic periapical lesion (like granuloma or cyst

symptomatic abscess Rapid accumulation of pus at the apex

asymptomatic abscess
Slow pus drainage through a sinus tract

Chronic infection with little/no immune pressure buildup

cellulitis 
Diffuse spread of infection through fascial planes

The radiolucency in peridontisis finding is zones of periradicular infection

Clinical diagnositic methods - history - symptoms

Selection of cases - patient systemic status - case difficulty - outcomes, success ,failure - endo and ortho or prostho treatment

Indirect pulp capping Direct pulp capping Pulpotomy Root canal treatment